Here is a good article about how the community stepped up to replace the police in Minneapolis when the police stopped responding quickly to 911 calls.
I have long been interested in Gandhi’s “Shanti Sena,” which was basically is vision for a nonviolent riot police force/army. One key idea is that the most important work for the Shanti Sena was when they weren’t responding directly to an emergency but instead were providing direct social services to the community.
Here’s a good book about the Shanti Sena